The Theban alphabet, also known as the witches' alphabet, is a writing system, specifically a substitution cipher of the Latin script, that was used by early modern occultists and is popular in the Wicca movement.
Publication history
It was first published in Johannes Trithemius's
Polygraphia (1518) in which it was attributed to Honorius of Thebes "as Pietro d'Abano testifies in his greater fourth book". However, it is not known to be mentioned in any of the writings attributed to D'Abano (1250–1316). Trithemius' student Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1486–1535) included it in his
De Occulta Philosophia (Book III, chap. 29, 1533).
Alternate (HTML) version, chapter 29, with footnote by Joseph H. Peterson – via Esoteric Archives. It is also not known to be found in any manuscripts of the writings of Honorius of Thebes (e.g.
Liber Iuratus Honorii, translated as
The Sworn Book of Honorius), with the exception of the composite manuscript found in London,
British Library Manuscript Sloane 3853, which however openly identifies Agrippa as its source.
[Introduction to ]
Uses and correlations
It is also known as the
Honorian alphabet or the
Runes of Honorius after the legendary
magus (though Theban is dissimilar to the Germanic
Runes), or the
witches' alphabet due to its use in modern
Wicca and other forms of
witchcraft as one of many substitution ciphers to hide magical writings such as the contents of a Book of Shadows from prying eyes. The Theban alphabet has not been found in any publications prior to that of Trithemius, and bears little visual resemblance to most other
.
There is one-to-one correspondence between Theban and the letters in the old Latin alphabet. The modern characters J and U are not represented. They are often transliterated using the Theban characters for I and V, respectively. In the original chart by Trithemius, the letter W comes after Z, as it was a recent addition to the Latin alphabet, and did not yet have a standard position. This caused it to be misinterpreted as an ampersand[See chart from Polygraphie (1561) by Gabriel de Collange, on the right.] or end-of-sentence mark[E.g. in ]
Alternative (HTML) version, chapter 16 – via Sacred Texts. Click on 2nd illustration link. by later translators and copyists, such as Francis Barrett. Some users of those later charts transliterate W using the Theban characters for VV, parallel to how the English letter developed. Some Theban letter shapes have changed from book to book over time. Theban letters only exist in Unicase.
Eric S. Raymond, an American software developer and author, has created a draft proposal for adding the Theban alphabet to the Universal Coded Character Set/Unicode.
Notes
External links
